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The tourist attractions of Vienna concentrate in three distinct areas. The largest cluster, centred on Schönbrunn Palace, attracted around five million visitors in 2009, down from six million in 2008. Museums and exhibitions of Hofburg Palace accounted for nearly two million visitors in 2008, with a significant decline in 2009. The third, and the newest, cluster of modern art museums in Museumsquartier attracted less than one million visitors.〔According to the Vienna Tourist Board, the Schönbrunn cluster includes the Palace itself, Tiergarten Schönbrunn, the Palmenhaus, the Wüstenhaus, the Imperial Coach Collection (Wagenburg), the Maze Gardens (Irrgarten) and the Privy Gardens (KronPrinzgarten). See ''(Sehenwurdigkeiten 2007 (in German) )'' and ''(Sehenwurdigkeiten 2008 (in German) )'' for exact composition of each of three clusters.〕 Nearby duo of Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches museums, located halfway between Museumsquartier and Hofburg, also reported around one million visitors. The Landstraße district, which lies south-east of the old city, is home to art exhibitions at the Belvedere Palace and the KunstHausWien. Vienna stands out among other European tourist destinations for being a "new old city", a city in transition from an older "picture city" like Florence and Venice to being a global city like Paris and London.〔Mazanec, Wober pp. 185-187.〕 For six consecutive years, 2003–2008, tourism industry was on the rise, but in 2009 the global financial crisis caused a sharp decline, especially in long-distance tourism from Asia and North America. The new museums of modern art retained or even increased their attendance, but museums of classical art lost more than a third of their former ticket sales. According to preliminary data for the first half of 2010, Vienna is already past the bottom of the crisis and visitor numbers are rising again. In 2013, Vienna was ranked the world’s most livable city for the fifth consecutive year, playing host to 5.8 million tourists, a growth of over four percent as compared to 2012. ==Effects of the global crisis== In 2003–2008 the Austrian tourism industry enjoyed a six-year streak of growth, with each year beating the previous record by an average 2.1%.〔''(Umsatzeinbrüche im Tourismus (in German) )''. Die Presse, January 22 (Web edition: January 21), 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-22.〕〔OECD 2010, pp. 16, 123-124.〕 Tourism generated 8.4% of Austrian gross domestic product (23.6 billion Euros) and provided 181 thousand jobs.〔OECD 2010, p. 119.〕 The "top ten" of Vienna's tourist attractions in this period included the Schönbrunn Palace, Tiergarten Schönbrunn, the Albertina, the Wiener Riesenrad, the Hofburg Palace museums, the Belvedere, the Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches museums, the KunstHausWien and the Donauturm observation deck.〔 In 2008, the effects of the unfolding global financial crisis on the economy were more than offset by a boost from the UEFA Euro 2008. The number of tourists reached an all-time high, although during the tournament itself museum attendance dropped by 60%, and theatres cancelled their shows altogether.〔Kimmelman, Michael (2008). ''(In Battle for Vienna: Soccer 1, Culture 0 )''. ''The New York Times'', June 26, 2008. Retrieved 2010-08-25.〕 The crisis hit the Austrian tourist industry in the first quarter of 2009, when international tourist arrivals dropped by 8.6%.〔Relative to the record high recorded in the first quarter of 2008. - OECD 2010, p. 19.〕 Museum attendance suffered disproportionately higher losses. Ticket sales at Hofburg palace exhibitions dropped by 20%. Tickets sales at the Albertina, the most visited art collection in Vienna, dropped by more than a third, from 997 thousand in 2008 to 630 thousand in 2009. Its former third place in the list of Viennese attractions was taken over by the Wiener Riesenrad. The Schönbrunn Palace also recorded a drop in visitors, but its profits actually ''increased'' by a third.〔〔''(Schönbrunn ist Wiens beliebteste Sehenswürdigkeit (in German) )''. Die Presse. August 9 (Web edition: August 8), 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-22.〕 Tiergarten Schönbrunn reported a "record drop" of 70% in February 2009〔Compared to February 2008, which was an all-time high record month. In February 2008, the Tiergarten began displaying the giant panda and polar bear cubs, which attracted unusually high numbers of local visitors. - ''(Eintrittspreise: Was alles teurer wird (in German) )''. Die Presse. April 6, 2009 (printed edition: April 7). Retrieved 2010-08-28.〕 (50% for the first quarter of 2009). Practically all museums and zoos increased ticket prices, by an average of 16.7%, the first price hike since the introduction of the Euro in 2002.〔''(Eintrittspreise: Was alles teurer wird (in German) )''. Die Presse. April 6, 2009 (printed edition: April 7). Retrieved 2010-08-28.〕 According to the Vienna Tourist Board, in 2009 the city's hotels recorded 4.385 million visitors (2008: 4.593 million). 20% of the visitors were Austrians, 24% were Germans, 5% Italians and 5% Americans. The worst losses were recorded among tourists from Asia, North America and Eastern Europe.〔''(Arrivals & Overnights 2009 (data for January-December 2009) )''. Vienna Tourist Board. Retrieved 2010-08-22.〕 The state responded with promoting Austria in the neighbouring countries to compensate the losses in long-distance international tourism.〔OECD 2010, p. 123.〕 In the end of 2009, the trend reversed with an increase in tourists from Japan, Italy, Spain, Greece and Russia.〔 Recovery continued in the first half of 2010. Schönbrunn Palace recorded a 5% increase in ticket sales compared to the first half of 2009, Hofburg had a twelve per cent increase.〔''(Tourismus: Schönbrunn trotzt Krise (in German) )''. Die Presse, July 10 (Web edition: July 9), 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-22.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tourist attractions in Vienna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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